Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods for several consecutive months. It may be related to hormonal imbalances, stress, ovulation disorders, or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome. In some cases, it can affect female fertility and require specialized medical evaluation.
Andrology
Andrology is the branch of medicine focused on male reproductive health. It evaluates issues such as infertility, low sperm quality, erectile dysfunction, and hormonal disorders that may affect male fertility.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)
Anti-Müllerian Hormone is used to measure a woman’s ovarian reserve. It helps estimate the number of remaining eggs and is an important marker in fertility treatments such as IVF.
Follicular Aspiration
Follicular aspiration is a procedure performed during IVF to retrieve mature eggs from the ovaries. It is performed under sedation and guided by ultrasound.
Anovulation
Anovulation occurs when a woman does not release an egg during her menstrual cycle. It is one of the most common causes of female infertility and is often associated with hormonal imbalances.
Low Ovarian Reserve
Low ovarian reserve means the number of eggs available in the ovaries is lower than expected for a woman’s age. This can reduce the chances of natural pregnancy.
Sperm Bank
A sperm bank is a facility where frozen sperm samples are stored for fertility treatments, fertility preservation, or assisted reproduction procedures.
Egg Bank
An egg bank stores frozen eggs for future fertility treatments and fertility preservation purposes.
Blastocyst
A blastocyst is an embryo that has developed for five to six days after fertilization. At this stage, it has a higher chance of successful implantation.
Embryo Biopsy
Embryo biopsy involves removing a few cells from an embryo to perform genetic testing before embryo transfer.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is the monthly hormonal process that prepares the female body for pregnancy. It includes ovulation and changes in the uterine lining.
Egg Freezing
Egg freezing is a fertility preservation treatment that allows women to store eggs for future use.
Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation is the technique used to freeze and store embryos, eggs, or sperm at extremely low temperatures.
Embryo Quality
Embryo quality evaluates the appearance and development of an embryo to determine its implantation potential.
Timed Intercourse
Timed intercourse involves planning sexual intercourse during the woman’s most fertile days to increase the chances of pregnancy.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
PGT is a genetic test performed on embryos created through IVF to detect chromosomal abnormalities or inherited diseases.
Egg Donation
Egg donation is a fertility treatment in which a woman donates her eggs to help another patient achieve pregnancy.
Sperm Donation
Sperm donation involves using donor sperm samples for fertility treatments.
Ovulatory Dysfunction
Ovulatory dysfunction occurs when ovulation is irregular or absent, making natural pregnancy more difficult.
Double Ovarian Stimulation
Double ovarian stimulation is a technique that allows egg retrieval during two different phases within the same menstrual cycle.
Embryo
An embryo is the result of the union between an egg and a sperm after fertilization.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus and may affect fertility.
Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus where the embryo implants during pregnancy.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process through which sperm cells are produced in the testes.
Ovarian Stimulation
Ovarian stimulation uses hormonal medications to promote the development of multiple eggs during fertility treatments.
Sterility
Sterility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after an extended period of trying.
Retrograde Ejaculation
Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen travels backward into the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during ejaculation.
Fertility
Fertility is the natural ability to achieve pregnancy.
Male Fertility
Male fertility depends mainly on sperm quality, quantity, and motility.
Female Fertility
Female fertility is related to egg quality, ovulation, and overall reproductive health.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF is an assisted reproduction treatment where fertilization occurs in a laboratory setting.
Ovarian Follicle
An ovarian follicle is the structure inside the ovary that contains a developing egg.
Embryo Fragmentation
Embryo fragmentation refers to small cellular fragments within an embryo that may affect embryo quality.
Gametes
Gametes are human reproductive cells: eggs and sperm.
Gestational Surrogacy
Gestational surrogacy is a process in which a woman carries a pregnancy for another individual or couple.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation
Ovarian hyperstimulation is a rare complication caused by hormonal medications used during fertility treatments.
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is an imaging study used to evaluate the fallopian tubes and uterus.
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the uterus using a specialized camera.
Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a hormonal condition in which reproductive organs produce low levels of sex hormones.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
FSH is a hormone essential for ovarian follicle development and sperm production.
ICSI
ICSI is an advanced fertility technique where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.
Embryo Implantation
Embryo implantation occurs when an embryo attaches to the uterine lining.
Infertility
Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.
Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination involves placing sperm directly into the uterus to improve pregnancy chances.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
IUI is a fertility procedure in which specially prepared sperm is inserted directly into the uterus during ovulation.
Luteinization
Luteinization is the hormonal process that occurs after ovulation.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
LH is the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is another term used to describe the ICSI procedure.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that may affect fertility.
Semen Sample
A semen sample is collected for fertility testing or fertility treatments.
Oligospermia
Oligospermia is a condition characterized by a low sperm count.
Ovulation
Ovulation is the process in which the ovary releases a mature egg.
Egg Donation Treatment
Egg donation treatment involves using donor eggs to achieve pregnancy.
Oocyte
An oocyte is the female reproductive cell before it becomes a mature egg.
PGT-A
PGT-A analyzes embryos for chromosomal abnormalities before embryo transfer.
PGT-M
PGT-M detects specific inherited genetic diseases in embryos.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder associated with irregular cycles and ovulation problems.
Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone essential for preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
Fertility Preservation
Fertility preservation allows eggs, sperm, or embryos to be stored for future use.
Ovarian Reserve
Ovarian reserve refers to the quantity and quality of eggs available in the ovaries.
Assisted Reproduction
Assisted reproduction includes medical techniques designed to help achieve pregnancy.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that may affect ovulation and fertility.
Semen Analysis
A semen analysis evaluates sperm quality, quantity, and motility.
Subfertility
Subfertility refers to reduced fertility, but not complete infertility.
Fertility Test
A fertility test includes medical evaluations used to assess reproductive health in men or women.
Embryo Transfer
Embryo transfer is the procedure in which an embryo is placed into the uterus.
Teratozoospermia
Teratozoospermia is a condition involving abnormal sperm shape or morphology.
Fallopian Tubes
The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and play a key role in natural fertilization.
Uterus
The uterus is the female reproductive organ where pregnancy develops.
Septate Uterus
A septate uterus is a congenital uterine abnormality that may affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Vitrification
Vitrification is an advanced ultra-rapid freezing technique commonly used in fertility treatments.
Vasectomy Reversal
Vasectomy reversal is a surgical procedure performed to restore male fertility after vasectomy.
Zona Pellucida
The zona pellucida is the outer layer surrounding the egg and early embryo.
